Chart rulers: the one planet that runs your chart
The ruler of your rising sign has a say in everything. Most people never find out which planet it is.
Every chart has a single planet with more influence than any other, and it is not your Sun. It is the ruler of your ascendant.
Finding it
Take your rising sign and find its ruler. Leo rising is ruled by the Sun, Scorpio rising by Mars traditionally, Aquarius rising by Saturn. That planet is your chart ruler.
Why it matters so much
The first house is you, so its ruler carries you around the chart. If your chart ruler sits in the ninth house you will keep finding your life organised around travel, study or belief, whatever else the chart says. Its condition, its sign, its house and its aspects colour everything.
How to read it
Ask three questions. Where does it live, which tells you where your energy goes. What condition is it in, which tells you how easily. What does it touch, which tells you what interferes.
The Vedic version
Vedic astrology calls this the lagna lord and weighs it heavily, often as the first thing examined after the lagna itself. A strong, well-placed lagna lord is considered one of the better things a chart can have, and its dasha period is frequently a defining stretch of a life.